Waxy breakdown of garlic and experimental design.

Waxy breakdown of garlic is a phenomenon where garlic can go translucent and yellow. The pyruvic acid levels of the garlic also reduces, lowering its pugency and has a softer texture. It’s considered a disease? but It’s different to black garlic which is fermented.

I’ve had it happen a few times to my stash of garlic. I was initially weary about using it as it look’s off, but once I did, I really enjoyed it. It’s taste is much more mellow letting me use it more sparingly. The softer texture also makes it smearable allowing it to be easily added to a marinade or paste.

It’s described as a defect by some sources but I didn’t really find any fault in it.

What really interests me is that although Garlic is a main seasoning in a chef’s arsenal, there is relatively little research on how and why it develops.

Design of expeirments

I currently work at a bio-tech startup and a statistical approach to analyse variation based on factors is through Design of Experiments (DOE).

What is DOE?

A famous example of DOE is the lady tasting tea experiment done by Ronald Fischer. In it, Ronald faces a lady who proposes she can tell the difference of if milk is poured first or tea is poured first.

To test this claim, Ronald devised the null hypothesis that she cannot determine between the two. He then asks what is the minimum about of tests to conduct to be confident enough for. Im it he decides making 8 teas is good, 4 with milk first and 4 with milk second. Why 8? All possible combinations of these 8 are 70. Based on pure chance, getting it all right has one possible combination. This sets the experiment with signifcance level of 1/70.

Why DOE?

Experiments are expensive. As a sciencitist you would like to conduct the least amount while preserving reliability and information space that it provides. Leveraging statistics help define how confident you can be and optimise for certain factors to test.

How does DOE work?

One can extend the above to more factors and even analyse confounding factors. The search/test space gets exponentially greater as you will need to test much more combinations.

Factors also have levels and their relationships can also be non-linear.

Temp Humidity

Implementing DOE in our experiment.

https://www.ipt.us.com/produce-inspection-resources/inspectors-blog/defect-identification/garlic-waxy-breakdown Variables: Heat Humidity Time Sunlight Closed container? Salt? Sugar? Peeled vs Blubs vs untouched

Proxy setup: I unfortunately do not have precise temperature or humidity guages, nore have thav con trols for them. In their stead I’m using situations that are common in my hosue.

  • China(orange) - Spain(blue)
  • Fridge/Cabinent/Sun
  • Bagged/left out
  • Broken - Bulb

Cabinent China - Cabinent - Out - Bulb China - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken China - Cabinent - Bagged - Bulb

Spain - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken Spain - Cabinent - Out - Broken Spain - Cabinent - Out - Bulb

Sun China - Sun - Out - Bulb China - Sun - Bagged - Broken China - Sun - Out - Broken

Spain - Sun - Out - Bulb Spain - Sun - Bagged - Broken Spain - Sun - Out - Broken

Fridge China - Fridge - Out - Bulb China - Fridge - Bagged - Broken China - Fridge - Out - Broken

Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Bulb Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Broken

As of 21-11-2024

Cabinent China - Cabinent - Out - Bulb China - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken China - Cabinent - Bagged - Bulb

Spain - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken - 1/10 Spain - Cabinent - Out - Broken Spain - Cabinent - Out - Bulb

Sun China - Sun - Out - Bulb China - Sun - Bagged - Broken China - Sun - Out - Broken

Spain - Sun - Out - Bulb Spain - Sun - Bagged - Broken Spain - Sun - Out - Broken

Fridge China - Fridge - Out - Bulb China - Fridge - Bagged - Broken China - Fridge - Out - Broken

Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Bulb Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Broken

As of 03-12-2024

no change

As of 06-12-2024

no change

Final 06-01-2024

Cabinent China - Cabinent - Out - Bulb - 9 no change China - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken -6 no chang China - Cabinent - Bagged - Bulb - 1 sprouted, 1 rotten, 11 no change

Spain - Cabinent - Bagged - Broken - 1 success! 10 no change. Spain - Cabinent - Out - Broken - 9 no change Spain - Cabinent - Out - Bulb - 7 no change, 1 sprouted

Sun China - Sun - Out - Bulb - 1 sprouted, 10 no change China - Sun - Bagged - Broken - 11 no change China - Sun - Out - Broken - 9 no change

Spain - Sun - Out - Bulb - 1 sprouted, 9 no change Spain - Sun - Bagged - Broken - 2 weird ones with babies, 9 no change Spain - Sun - Out - Broken -2 sprouted, 8 no change

Fridge China - Fridge - Out - Bulb - 9 sprouted, 3 no change China - Fridge - Bagged - Broken - 8 sprouted, 1 no change China - Fridge - Out - Broken - 11 no change

Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Bulb - fully rotten Spain - Fridge - Bagged - Broken - 7 sprouted, 2 rotten

Summary

There was literally only one garlic that changed to the desired waxy form so it’s hard to have any conclusions. I have done this in the past and got much higher success rate so it could really be determined by the batch of garlic.